The leather industry faces numerous challenges, including significant environmental consequences from deforestation, water pollution from chemical tanning, and waste generation, as well as social and human rights concerns such as animal welfare, worker exploitation, and the psychological toll on slaughterhouse workers. Plant-based leather is a cruelty-free, environmentally friendly alternative to traditional leather created from a variety of plant sources such as pineapple leaves, mushrooms, cactus, and coconuts, usually utilizing agricultural waste products. The aim of this study is to analyze the manufacturing processes, sustainability, ethical aspects, and innovative properties of various plant-based leathers. This study provides information on the manufacturing, benefits, limitations, and market growth of various plant-based leathers as sustainable alternatives to traditional animal leather. Plant-based leathers have several benefits, including reduced water and energy use, fewer CO₂ emissions, reuse of agricultural leftovers, and partial or full biodegradability, which supports circular economy principles. Leading fashion and automotive firms are increasingly using these materials. Despite their environmental and ethical benefits, plant-based leathers have limitations, such as lesser durability and sensitivity to water, heat, and humidity, which may limit their use in high-demand applications. Overall, plant-based leathers are a viable, environmentally friendly, and ethical alternative to traditional animal leather, with potential for further innovation and market expansion.
Golomeova et al. (Fri,) studied this question.