Towards fairness and low-carbon operation of energy hub: A multi-objective optimization framework with energy–carbon bidirectional coupling and heterogeneous uncertainties

Key Points

• The framework optimizes energy allocation, promoting low-carbon operations and fairness with heterogeneous uncertainties.
• Key metrics show a significant reduction in carbon emissions, aiming for efficiency in diverse operational conditions.
• Assessment using multi-objective optimization incorporates energy and carbon coupling to address operational challenges.
• This analysis highlights the need for integrating fairness into energy systems while managing uncertainties, indicating broader applicability.