Addressing the global climate change challenge, 136 countries, representing 90% of global GDP and 85% of the population, have committed to net-zero targets. Achieving net-zero emissions necessitates decarbonizing every sector of the economy. Green hydrogen, produced from renewable energy, poses minimal environmental risks, and expanding its production will aid in meeting net-zero goals. This article presents the prevailing scenario for hydrogen fuel processing, generation, transportation, and preservation, along with an analysis of worldwide demand and prospects. It examines the efficiency of different hydrogen production techniques and evaluates their impacts on society, economic structure, and the ecosystem. Key metrics such as environmental impact, production costs, energy consumption, and efficiency levels were analyzed to assess the viability of hydrogen as a renewable energy source. The study investigates the hydrogen market dynamics, exploring trends and predictions for the near future. Recent developments in hydrogen production techniques, advanced storage methods, and transportation approaches are discussed, highlighting their role in advancing the hydrogen ecosystem. Such developments represent a potential progress towards a hydrogen ecosystem. These innovations are viewed as a transformative force, potentially as significant as the Industrial Revolutions, marking a profound shift in the trajectory of human development toward a sustainable energy future.
Kumar et al. (Tue,) studied this question.