What does this research mean for the field?

The condensate of abelian magnetic monopoles exists in the confining phase of SU(2) lattice gauge theory and vanishes at the critical temperature or when the string tension vanishes. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.NOVEL_FINDING. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.SUPPORTS_CONSENSUS.

What question did this study set out to answer?

To investigate the role of abelian monopole condensate in the confinement phase of SU(2) lattice gauge theory.

March 5, 2026Open Access

Condensate of Abelian Monopoles and Confinement in Lattice Gauge Theories

Key Points

To investigate the role of abelian monopole condensate in the confinement phase of SU(2) lattice gauge theory.
Examine the existence of abelian magnetic monopoles in the confining phase of SU(2) lattice gauge theory.
Analyze behaviors at critical temperature and cooling steps where string tension disappears.
Study U(1) lattice gauge theory to support monopole condensate definitions.
The monopole condensate exists in the confining phase of SU(2) lattice gauge theory.
The condensate vanishes at critical temperature or cooling steps corresponding to disappearing string tension.
Findings support the dual superconductor model of confinement.

Abstract

We show that the confining phase of the SU(2) lattice gauge theory the condensate of abelian magnetic monopoles exists. This condensate vanishes at the critical temperature or (on a symmetric lattice) at the cooling step where the string tension vanishes. These results seem to confirm the confinement mechanism based on the model of the dual superconductor. As a justification of our definition of the monopole condensate we study the U(1) lattice gauge theory.

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