What question did this study set out to answer?

To explore the presence and potential role of specific porcine viruses in PMWS among swine in Brazil.

March 6, 2026Discover Viruses.0 citationsOpen Access

Detection and association of porcine bocaviruses 1 and 3 and porcine parvovirus 4 with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in Brazil

Q: What does this research mean for the field?

Porcine parvovirus 4 (PPV4) is significantly associated with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in pigs, showing a six-fold higher frequency of DNAemia in affected animals compared to controls. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.NOVEL_FINDING. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

SCSamuel Paulo Cibulski TTThais Fumaco TeixeiraUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul AVAna Paula Muterle VarelaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul

Key Points

To explore the presence and potential role of specific porcine viruses in PMWS among swine in Brazil.
PCR was employed to detect porcine bocavirus 1, bocavirus 3, and parvovirus 4 in tissue and serum samples.
Samples were collected from pigs with and without PMWS.
Detection rates of viruses were compared between affected pigs and controls.
PPV4 was found in 41.2% of PMWS-affected pigs compared to 6.7% in controls, indicating a strong association with viremia.
No significant association was found for PBoV1 or PBoV3, but both targeted lymphoid tissues.
PCV2 was present in all tissues from PMWS-affected pigs, indicating its critical role as the primary pathogen.

Abstract

The increasing identification of novel parvoviruses in swine has raised questions about their role in multifactorial syndromes like PMWS. This study used PCR to investigate the presence of porcine parvovirus 4 (PPV4), porcine bocavirus 1 (PBoV1), and porcine bocavirus 3 (PBoV3) in tissue and serum samples from pigs with or without PMWS in Brazil. PPV4 was significantly associated with PMWS, showing a six-fold higher frequency of DNAemia in affected animals (41.2%) than in controls (6.7%). In contrast, no association was found for PBoV1 or PBoV3, although both exhibited a clear tropism for lymphoid tissues. High detection rates of all three viruses in healthy adult pigs suggested possible viral persistence. As expected, PCV2 was detected in all tissues from every PMWS-affected pig. These findings delineate a hierarchy of involvement: PCV2 as the essential pathogen, PPV4 as a potential exacerbating co-factor linked to viremia, and bocaviruses as common bystanders. Further studies are needed to elucidate their pathogenic potential and interactions.

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