Ecological Design Strategies and Environmental Justice Research on Green Infrastructure in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

Driven by urbanization and technological development, problems such as carbon emissions and the urban heat island effect have intensified, leading to declining air quality, increased flood risk, and ecological degradation, impacting urban resilience and residents' quality of life. To address this, there is now a greater demand for green spaces in cities, and governments and communities have set mandatory requirements for the proportion of green space in urban areas. Basic green infrastructure such as green roofs, vertical greening, street trees, and urban parks can all be reduced. However, due to differences in economic development, management measures, and geographical factors among different cities, the allocation and mitigation effects of green infrastructure vary significantly. For example, first-tier cities and third-tier cities have different development goals. First-tier cities prioritize economic development while simultaneously carrying out environmental protection and restoration, while third-tier cities are still in the process of economic development. Furthermore, the effects and functions of green infrastructure differ in different areas of the same city, such as residential areas, commercial areas, and industrial areas. This paper analyzes the spatial distribution and ecological benefits of green infrastructure in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from the perspective of environmental justice, aiming to provide design strategy references for regional ecological equity and collaborative governance.