This report presents the sixteenth edition of the Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum (CLEF 2025), held from September 9 to 12, 2025, in Madrid, Spain, and hosted by the National Distance Education University (UNED). CLEF 2025 continued its hybrid format, combining a scientific conference with an evaluation forum. The conference programme featured keynote talks by Sameer Antani, José Hernández-Orallo, and Joanna Bryson, alongside peer-reviewed research papers, poster sessions, and lab presentations. The evaluation forum comprised 14 labs: BioASQ, CheckThat!, ELOQUENT, eRisk, EXIST, ImageCLEF, JOKER, LifeCLEF, LongEval, PAN, QuantumCLEF, SimpleText, TalentCLEF, and Touché. Each lab addresses diverse challenges in multilingual, multimodal, and interactive information access across a variety of domains and media. Date: 9–12 September, 2025. Website: https://clef2025.clef-initiative.eu/.
Carrillo‐de‐Albornoz et al. (Mon,) studied this question.