Air pollution and male infertility: A meta-umbrella study of evidence on semen quality.

Key Points

• To investigate the relationship between air pollution and semen quality concerning male infertility.
• Conducted a meta-umbrella analysis of existing studies
• Examined relationships between ambient air pollution and semen quality parameters
• Identified key semen quality indicators affected by pollution
• Confirmed consistent negative associations between air pollution and semen quality
• Found modest effects on key parameters such as sperm concentration and motility
• Suggested air pollution as a modifiable risk factor for male infertility