Methodological Evaluation of Quasi-Experimental Designs in Municipal Water Systems in Uganda,Context

This review examines quasi-experimental designs used to evaluate municipal water systems in Uganda over a decade. A comprehensive search strategy was employed using databases such as PubMed and Web of Science. Studies were included if they utilised quasi-experimental designs to analyse municipal water system performance. Quasi-experimental designs showed significant variability in their ability to detect efficiency gains, with some studies reporting gains up to 20% in treated areas compared to control zones. The review highlights the need for standardised methodologies and clear data collection protocols to enhance reliability of quasi-experimental findings on municipal water systems effectiveness. Future research should focus on harmonizing quasi-experimental designs, ensuring consistent measurement tools across studies, and incorporating robust statistical models to improve validity. Model estimation used =argmin_ᵢ (yᵢ, f_ (xᵢ) ) +₂², with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.