Air-processed FA–Cs perovskite scalable films without Pb 0 defects for efficient inverted photovoltaic modules

Key Points

• To enhance the stability and efficiency of inverted photovoltaic modules by reducing Pb 0 defects in perovskite films.
• Incorporation of (CH 3 ) 3 SI into blade-coated FA-Cs perovskite films
• Utilization of a scalable approach for film production
• Comparison of photovoltaic efficiency and stability before and after treatment
• Efficiency of photovoltaic modules improved from 18.25% to 19.98%
• Reduction of harmful Pb 0 defects observed
• Enhanced stability of the perovskite films documented