Site remediation of nuclear facilities represents the final stage of decommissioning and is crucial for both environmental safety and economic value creation.This study systematically analyzes radioactive contaminated soil remediation technologies and site remediation strategies.The regulatory framework including Multi-Agency Radiation Survey and Site Investigation Manual (MARSSIM) methodology and Derived Concentration Guideline Level (DCGL) establishment procedures are examined, comparing unrestricted release and restricted use strategies.Remediation technologies are classified into physical, chemical leaching, and biological methods, each selectively applied based on soil characteristics and contaminating radionuclides.Cesium(Cs)-137 removal is particularly challenging due to its strong binding with clay minerals, prompting development of innovative technologies using cationic polymers and magnetic nanoparticles.International cases including Hanford (USA) and Gundremmingen (Germany) are analyzed alongside domestic cases such as Kori Unit 1. Emerging technologies including digital twin modeling, Artificial Intelligence (AI)based contamination prediction, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) surveying, and modular remediation systems are presented.For upcoming domestic nuclear decommissioning projects, securing safe and economical remediation technologies is essential.Key future directions include waste volume reduction and transition to resource circulation models.The study emphasizes the importance of sitespecific technology selection through decision-support models, integrated treatment for complex contamination, and ecological function recovery assessment.Successful site remediation can transform decommissioned nuclear sites into renewable energy hubs or industrial complexes, contributing to regional economic development and social acceptance of nuclear energy.
In-Ho Yoon (Fri,) studied this question.