Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold strong therapeutic potential due to their regenerative, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. A key factor in their effectiveness is the ability to home in to injured sites. However, clinical outcomes are limited by poor homing efficiency, insufficient migration, tracking challenges, and risks of unwanted differentiation. This review explores the molecular mechanisms of MSC homing, particularly the CXCR4/SDF-1 axis and matrix remodeling. We highlight recent advances in using nanoparticles—such as magnetic, silica, and polymer-based systems—to enhance chemokine receptor expression and homing. Future directions include MSC engineering, advanced tracking, and AI-guided delivery strategies to improve therapeutic efficacy.
Batsaikhan et al. (Tue,) studied this question.