The rapid advancement of wireless mobile technology enables user equipment (UE) to process vast amount of data transmission. However, since wireless communication UEs are battery-powered, they require an extended operational lifespan. These battery-operated devices gradually deplete their energy with prolonged usage. To optimize energy consumption, the Long-Term Evaluation (LTE) standard incorporates a discontinuous reception (DRX) mechanism, significantly extending UE battery life in modern fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks. 5G-DRX networks utilize millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency bands to achieve high-speed data transmission. However, mmWave transmissions require beamforming techniques to compensate for high isotropic path loss. This article proposes a Markovian queue tailored for the 5G-DRX wireless deployment, integrating a beam search-based policy to accommodate dynamic short and long sleep cycles. By incorporating queueing analysis with sleep cycles in the 5G-DRX beam searching wireless system, both UE energy efficiency and data packet delay are effectively assessed. Analytical results are derived for the transient and steady-state probabilities of UE status, considering the 5G-DRX beam alignment tracking capability and the average number of data packets queued in the buffer at the evolved Node B (eNB). Several essential queueing performance metrics are analyzed. Additionally, UE energy efficiency and consumption in a stationary regime are analyzed to provide valuable numerical insights.
Kumar et al. (Tue,) studied this question.