Cancer Risk in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients With a Pretransplant Cancer History

This cohort study found that SOT recipients with pretransplant cancer had an elevated risk of posttransplant cancer, particularly of the same cancer type. These patterns likely reflect shared genetic or environmental risk factors. Among SOT recipients who had kidney, liver, or lung cancer before transplant, posttransplant cancer of the same organ may be associated with the underlying end-stage organ disease. Targeted cancer prevention and screening could benefit SOT recipients who have survived a cancer diagnosis before a transplant.