The Impact of Sino-American Strategic Competition on China's Semiconductor Industry Policy

Against the backdrop of intensifying strategic competition between China and the United States, the semiconductor industry has emerged as the focal point of technological rivalry between the two nations. Since 2018, the United States has implemented phased restrictions on China's semiconductor sector through multi-dimensional measures including export controls and investment reviews. These actions have significantly disrupted China's semiconductor supply chain across upstream, midstream, and downstream segments, resulting in obstructed equipment and material supplies upstream, stalled R&D of advanced midstream processes, and diminished competitiveness in downstream end-use applications. In response, China has established a coordinated domestic policy framework integrating fiscal, technological, and market measures. This framework advances the self-reliance and controllability of the industrial chain through short-, medium-, and long-term strategies, while expanding international cooperation pathways through multilateral partnerships and corporate collaborations. This paper examines the dynamics and implications of Sino-US semiconductor competition, offering insights for China's semiconductor industry to break through restrictions and enhance its global influence.