The dramatic military extraction from Venezuela, of Nicolas Maduro, President of Venezuela, on January 3 rd 2026, marks one of the most consequential interventions in modern history of the Americas. It is the culmination of decades of economic collapse, human rights abuses and regional destabilization, that began long before President Maduro’s arrest, but intensified sharply under his rule 1 .
Sharma et al. (Sun,) studied this question.