Nuclear Structure of Barium Isotopes in the Framework of the Symmetric Skeleton Structure Approach

The study of the structure of the atomic nucleus is one of the fundamental problems of nuclear physics. Various theoretical models have been proposed to explain the structural properties of atomic nuclei. These include the liquid drop model, the shell model, and collective nuclear models 1, 2, 3, 4. These models are widely used to explain the energy level structure of nuclei, their stability properties, and radioactive decay processes. At the same time, the investigation of symmetry properties in atomic nuclei provides an opportunity for alternative interpretations of nuclear structures. Symmetry laws of physical systems have long been considered fundamental theoretical principles, and these laws play an important role in explaining the structural properties of atomic nuclei 5, 6, 7, 8. In this study, the nuclear structure of isotopes of the element barium is analyzed using the Symmetric Skeleton Structure (SSS) approach. Within this approach, the atomic nucleus is considered as a system in which protons and neutrons are arranged according to specific symmetric and harmonic structural rules. The element barium (Z = 56) is one of the elements of particular interest from the perspective of nuclear structure. This element possesses numerous isotopes, and their nuclear properties have been extensively studied 9, 10, 11, 12. In this article, the nuclear properties of barium isotopes are analyzed, and it is shown that their stability characteristics are organized into three principal zones: • neutron-deficiency zone• stability interval• neutron-excess zone The results of the study indicate that the nuclear stability of barium isotopes is determined by the mutual balance between proton and neutron numbers, and this balance is one of the main factors defining the structural properties of the nucleus.