Synergistic ultrafine steel slag and fly ash for steel passivation in sustainable ternary cements: Temperature-dependent stability and composition regulation

Key Points

• To investigate the effects of ultrafine steel slag and fly ash on the passivation of reinforcing steel in ternary cements.
• Analyzed Fe 3+/Fe 2+ evolution in simulated pore solutions.
• Studied the impact of varying USS/FA ratios on passivation.
• Evaluated temperature-dependent stability of the passive film structure.
• Identified an optimal USS/FA ratio for maximum passivation stability.
• Demonstrated temperature impacts on the stability of passive films.
• Showed that ultrafine steel slag and fly ash synergistically enhance passivation effects.