Legal Aspects of Foreign Investments in the Financial Sector – Regulations and Challenges in the Era of Globalization; Aspekty prawne inwestycji zagranicznych w sektorze finansowym – przepisy i wyzwania w erze globalizacji

In an era marked by accelerated globalization and increasing international capital flows, foreign direct investment (FDI) in the financial sector presents both immense opportunities and significant legal challenges. The growing tension between promoting open investment regimes and preserving regulatory sovereignty has become a central concern for policymakers and legal scholars. The study investigates how national and international legal frameworks address this tension, focusing on the regulation of foreign investments in finance across diverse jurisdictions. Through comparative legal analysis, supported by doctrinal interpretation, and institutional reports from bodies such as the OECD, UNCTAD, and ICSID, the research examines investment treaties, and recent shifts in policy direction. Special attention is given to the interplay between liberalization and protectionism, as well as the role of central banks and financial supervisory authorities in shaping investment governance. Findings reveal that while many legal systems have moved toward greater transparency and investor protections, rising geopolitical and security concerns have led to the resurgence of more restrictive measures. The study concludes that achieving a sustainable balance between openness and control is vital for ensuring legal coherence, financial stability, and trust in the globalized investment system.