To evaluate the hazards of lean premixed hydrogen explosions, multiple experimental conditions were investigated in a small-scale duct. The effects of lean hydrogen equivalence ratio, obstacle blockage ratio, and number of obstacles on flame propagation and overpressure were systematically examined. The results show that at low equivalence ratios, flame propagation transitions sequentially through hemispherical, finger, planar, and distorted tulip stages. However, at 0.65 and 0.7 equivalence ratios, only hemispherical and finger-phase flames are observed, which is due to increasing laminar flame speed. Deflagration behavior was strongly influenced by the hydrogen equivalence ratio. Accordingly, fundamental fuel parameters, flame instability, and chemical kinetics at different equivalence ratios were analyzed. Furthermore, the greater the obstacle blockage ratio, the greater the turbulence generated, which significantly increases the combustion rate of the mixture and overpressure. Consequently, both deflagration intensity and maximum overpressure significantly increased.
Bekele et al. (Sun,) studied this question.
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