Pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of lytic programmed cell death intricately linked to innate immunity, is a pivotal driver of renal fibrosis. Its dysregulated activation initiates a self‑amplifying cycle of chronic inflammation and extracellular matrix deposition, ultimately leading to renal failure. The present review integrates current knowledge primarily from preclinical in vivo and in vitro studies with clinical observations to delineate the multifaceted regulatory mechanisms governing renal pyroptosis, with emphasis on molecular triggers and execution pathways. The critical roles of core effectors such as NLRP3 and GSDMD, whose expression levels in patients correlate with fibrosis severity, were highlighted. The article systematically evaluates pharmacological interventions and explores multi‑target synergistic strategies aimed at integrated signaling hubs to circumvent pathway redundancy. Furthermore, advanced therapeutic approaches were discussed, including nanoparticle‑based delivery systems, offering a strategic framework to bridge the gap between bench research and clinical applications in the management of renal fibrosis.
Tian et al. (Thu,) studied this question.