Enzymes play essential roles in several real-life applications, ranging from disease diagnosis to wastewater treatment. The importance of enzymes has led to the development of many enzymatic processes and assays. For example, proteases are enzymes known to cause several diseases. Therefore, the protease assay helps to detect protease, and the protease inhibition assay helps to screen protease inhibitors, which are potential drug molecules. In another application, a bio-catalytic process with catalase can be used for the removal of H 2 O 2 from industrial wastewater. However, these enzymes are expensive, and enzymatic processes often require large sample volumes, which is not suitable for developing enzymatic processes or assays for low-abundant enzymes. Recently, to overcome this issue, many researchers developed microfluidic/millifluidic enzymatic processes that not only reduce the sample requirement and cost but also enhance stability, reusability, and performance. In this review, literature about different formats of millifluidic enzymatic devices and their applications for different enzymatic processes, as well as future prospects for preparing continuous enzymatic systems, is discussed and compared.
Jannat et al. (Fri,) studied this question.