We aim to study the development of strong geomagnetic storms (GS) triggered by interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). To this end, we selected 25 events from Solar Cycle 24 and characterized their behavior during their near-Earth passage. A cross-correlation analysis was conducted to determine the time lag between geomagnetic indices, such as the disturbance storm time (Dst) index and the horizontal component of the symmetric disturbance (SYMH) index, and solar wind parameters, using data with 1-hour and 1-minute resolutions. An exponential fit was applied to the recovery profiles of ICME-associated GS events for the hourly Dst index and specific plasma/field parameters. Our results indicate a time lag between the north–south component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz and the dawn-dusk electric field Ey with geomagnetic indices (Dst/SYM-H), similar for both. Additionally, the time constant of the Dst is reasonably correlated with the time constants of Bz and Ey. These findings would enhance our understanding of geomagnetic storm evolution and could contribute to improving space weather forecasts and our comprehension of solar–Earth interactions.
Aljehani et al. (Mon,) studied this question.