Fungal diseases such as soybean stem canker (SSC), frogeye leaf spot (FLS), and sudden death syndrome (SDS) cause substantial yield losses in soybean worldwide. This study aimed to pyramid major resistance genes and QTLs against these diseases through marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC). Diagnostic SSR markers, linked to Rdm4 (SSC), Rcs3 (FLS), and SDS resistance QTLs, were validated and successfully employed for foreground and background selection in crosses between the elite cultivar A8100RR and the resistant donor ‘Forrest’. Molecular analyses confirmed the effective introgression and fixation of multiple resistance loci in BC2F5 lines. Under artificial inoculation, lines R30-11 and R25-13 displayed high resistance levels to Diaporthe aspalathi, Cercospora sojina, Fusarium virguliforme, and F. tucumaniae. Genotype R30-11 exhibited the most consistent resistance across pathogens, while R25-13 combined multi-disease resistance with glyphosate tolerance and stable agronomic performance under field conditions comparable to commercial cultivars. These results represent, to our knowledge, the first report of successful pyramiding genes and QTLs against three distinct fungal diseases (SSC, FLS, and SDS) in soybean through MABC. The developed lines constitute valuable germplasm for breeding programs designed to achieve broad-spectrum, durable and sustainable disease management.
Rocha et al. (Thu,) studied this question.