The rural sector remains the backbone of Manipur’s economy, yet it is marked by persistent structural and spatial challenges. This study examines rural development in Manipur through a geographical lens, focusing on the interaction between physical terrain, agrarian structure, infrastructure, and socio-political conditions. Using secondary data from government sources, economic surveys, and spatial datasets, the paper analyses demographic patterns, landholding structures, sectoral contributions, and livelihood vulnerabilities. The findings reveal that despite nearly two-thirds of the population residing in rural areas; agriculture contributes a declining share to the state’s Gross Value Added. Small and fragmented landholdings, difficult terrain, inadequate connectivity, and recent socio-political disruptions have intensified rural distress, particularly in hill districts. The paper argues that rural underdevelopment in Manipur is not merely an economic issue but a spatial one, shaped by geography and accessibility. Policy interventions must therefore adopt a region-specific and conflict-sensitive approach, integrating infrastructure development, livelihood diversification, and environmental sustainability. The study contributes to regional rural geography by highlighting how peripheral hill states face distinct developmental constraints within the national rural framework.
SINGH et al. (Thu,) studied this question.