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We report a systematic study of the magnetic field sensitivity of a magnetic sensor consisting of a single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defect in diamond, by using continuous optically detected electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. We first investigate the behavior of the ESR contrast and linewidth as a function of the microwave and optical pumping power. The experimental results are in good agreement with a simplified model of the NV defect spin dynamics, leading to an optimized sensitivity around 24pt{0ex}T/Hz for a single NV defect in a high-purity diamond crystal grown by chemical vapor deposition. We then demonstrate an enhancement of the magnetic sensitivity by one order of magnitude by using a simple pulsed-ESR scheme. This technique is based on repetitive excitation of the NV defect with a resonant microwave pulse followed by an optimized readout laser pulse, allowing to fully eliminate power broadening of the ESR linewidth. The achieved sensitivity is similar to that obtained by using Ramsey-type sequences, which is the optimal magnetic field sensitivity for the detection of a dc magnetic field.
Dréau et al. (Wed,) studied this question.
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