The effectiveness of using virtual fencing for cattle to achieve conservation goals in tallgrass prairie

• Virtual fencing (VF) has multiple potential uses, including managing grazing lands to advance conservation. • The first 2 years of our before-after-control-impact experiment showed promising results in tallgrass prairie uplands and streams. • Vegetation height, some bird abundances, and stream invertebrates responded to the experiment as predicted despite high collar failure and interannual variability in weather. • Collar refinement and additional years will provide more information on the utility of VF for conservation