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Food and nutrition security involves physical and economic access to balanced diets and safe drinking water to all human beings. The challenges faced by scientists working on sustainable agricultural systems in industrialized and developing nations are different, with the former being concerned with defending the high yield levels already obtained and the latter, struggling to raise substantially the productivity per units of land, water, labour and energy without ecological harm. The new paradigm of agricultural research and development based on concurrent attention to issues of ecological sustainability, economic viability and social equity needs for its adoption intensive research on blending traditional and frontier technologies. It also needs new measurement and monitoring tools and genetic resources and enhancement centres.
M. S. Swaminathan (Sun,) studied this question.