This paper compares how real estate development is used to launder money in the Gulf countries and Nigeria. Despite their different political systems, both regions face similar housing challenges, achieved through different regulatory approaches in their real estate sectors. The Gulf countries attract investors with zero taxes and infrastructure projects—often involving foreign capital from corrupt officials, bankers, and businesspeople—while Nigeria's lack of strict regulations and transparency regarding fund sources allows real estate to serve as a conduit for local corruption and fraud by so-called
Nambeh et al. (Fri,) studied this question.