Quantization and stability of bumblebee electrodynamics

The quantization of a vector model presenting spontaneous breaking of Lorentz symmetry in flat Minkowski spacetime is discussed. The Stueckelberg trick of introducing an auxiliary field along with a local symmetry in the initial Lagrangian is used to convert the second-class constraints present in the initial Lagrangian to first-class ones. An additional deformation is employed in the resulting Lagrangian to handle properly the first-class constraints, and the equivalence with the initial model is demonstrated using the BRST invariance of the deformed Lagrangian. The framework for performing perturbation theory is constructed, and the structure of the Fock space is discussed. Despite the presence of ghost and tachyon modes in the spectrum of the free theory, it is shown that one can implement consistent conditions to define a unitary and stable reduced Fock space. Within the restricted Fock space, the free model turns out to be equivalent to the Maxwell electrodynamics in the temporal gauge.