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The cloud-native architecture and container-based technologies are revolutionizing how online services and applications are designed, developed, and managed by offering better elasticity and flexibility to developers and operators. However, the increasing adoption of microservice and serverless designs makes application workload more decomposed and transient at a larger scale. Most existing container orchestration systems still manage application workload based on simple system-level resource usage and policies manually created by operators, leading to ineffective application-agnostic scheduling and extra management burden for operators.
Cao et al. (2021) studied this question.