Biomolecular condensates formed through liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) have emerged as important organizers of intracellular biochemical processes, enabling the spatial compartmentalization of cellular reactions without membrane-bound structures. Recent studies suggest that metabolic enzymes, including those involved in glycolysis, can assemble into dynamic condensates that may regulate metabolic activity. This study presents a systematic review aimed at synthesizing experimental evidence on the role of biomolecular condensates in the organization of glycolytic enzymes and the regulation of central carbon metabolism. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases, covering studies published between 2016 and 2025. Following systematic screening based on predefined inclusion criteria, six studies were included in the final qualitative synthesis. The findings demonstrate that glycolytic enzymes can form phase-separated condensates under various cellular conditions, including hypoxia, osmotic stress, growth factor signaling, and viral infection. These condensates exhibit key properties of liquid-like behavior and may contribute to the spatial organization of metabolic pathways. Evidence from the included studies suggests that enzyme condensation may facilitate coordinated metabolic responses, although direct measurements of metabolic flux remain limited. In conclusion, phase separation represents a potential mechanism for the spatial regulation of glycolysis and metabolic pathways. Further research is required to clarify the biophysical properties and functional implications of metabolic enzyme condensates in cellular metabolism.
Erastus Kihali (Tue,) studied this question.