Aging is a complex, multifactorial biological process driven by interconnected molecular and cellular mechanisms, including genomic instability, mitochondrial dysfunction, chronic inflammation, cellular senescence, and alterations of the gut microbiome. Growing evidence from geroscience supports the concept that aging is not merely inevitable but can be modulated by targeted interventions acting on these core pathways. This review examines the role of emerging technologies in anti-aging medicine, with a particular focus on how advances in molecular profiling, gut microbiome analysis, artificial intelligence, and digital health are transforming the field toward precision-based strategies. We summarize current knowledge on key biological drivers of aging, including inflammaging, mitochondrial decline, and microbiome dysbiosis, and discuss their overlap with age-related diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration, and metabolic disorders. Furthermore, we highlight technological innovations enabling the identification of biomarkers of biological age, development of immune and inflammatory aging clocks, and application of machine learning for personalized nutrition and supplementation. Special attention is given to individualized interventions involving dietary modulation, microbiome-targeted therapies, and bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, NAD⁺ boosters, spermidine, omega-3 fatty acids, and curcumin. Finally, we explore future directions, including computational drug discovery, synthetic biology–based microbiome engineering, and programmable digital health ecosystems. Together, these advances illustrate a paradigm shift from generalized anti-aging approaches toward integrated, data-driven, and personalized strategies aimed at extending healthspan and improving resilience to age-related disease. Materials and Methods: A structured literature review was conducted using the PubMed database as the sole source of scientific evidence. Articles published within the last five years were included to ensure the use of up-to-date data relevant to the rapidly evolving field of anti-aging medicine. The search focused on peer-reviewed original studies, systematic reviews, and high-quality narrative reviews related to aging mechanisms, gut microbiome analysis, synthetic biology, digital health, wearable technologies, artificial intelligence, precision nutrition, and personalized supplementation strategies. Studies were selected based on relevance to the topic “The Role of Emerging Technologies in Anti-Aging Medicine: From Gut Microbiome Analysis to Personalized Supplementation”, scientific rigor, and translational applicability. Articles addressing molecular pathways of aging, microbiome modulation, biomarker-guided interventions, and technology-driven personalization approaches were prioritized.
Tomaszewska et al. (Mon,) studied this question.