Thermodynamic insights on desalination processes: exergy analysis, minimum separation work, and advances in capacitive deionization with battery electrodes

Key Points

• This research aims to explore thermodynamic principles governing desalination and to evaluate advancements in capacitive deionization.
• Conducted exergy-based thermodynamic analysis of desalination processes.
• Analyzed minimum separation work required for effective desalination.
• Investigated the use of battery materials for enhancing capacitive deionization.
• Identified limits of energy efficiency in conventional desalination methods.
• Demonstrated that capacitive deionization using battery electrodes can achieve lower energy consumption.
• Showed improvements in desalination capacity through advanced battery material integration.