This study investigates the impact of urban greening, public transport modernization, and bicycle infrastructure development on air pollution levels (PM2.5 and NO₂) and related health expenditures, using Baku and Ganja as comparative case studies. Employing a Difference-in-Differences (DiD) approach combined with a cost-of-illness (COI) model, the research evaluates how green city interventions implemented in 2018–2024 influenced air quality and disease burden trends. Data sources include air monitoring results from the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources, mobility and transit data from BNA, and morbidity statistics from TABIB/MKTB. The findings indicate that cities with stronger green mobility transitions experience statistically significant reductions in particulate pollution and respiratory disease-related costs. The results highlight the importance of integrated urban sustainability strategies aligned with national climate and public health priorities.
Qadimli et al. (Mon,) studied this question.