This project presents the design and implementation of a Hybrid Energy Source Switching and Load Prioritization System using an ESP32 microcontroller.The system monitors multiple power sources, including solar, battery, and grid supply, using DC voltage sensors and an INA219 current sensor.The measured parameters such as solar voltage, battery voltage, grid voltage, and load current are continuously displayed on an LCD for real-time monitoring.Based on the available voltage levels, the system intelligently selects the power source using relay-based switching, giving highest priority to solar energy, followed by battery, and finally grid power.This ensures optimal utilization of renewable energy and reduces dependency on conventional electricity sources.International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation (www.ijrti.org)b34Additionally, the use of advanced energy storage systems with higher efficiency and longer lifespan can further enhance system reliability.Further improvements can include the use of advanced switching devices such as solid-state relays to reduce switching time and increase system durability.The implementation of adaptive load management techniques, where loads are dynamically controlled based on real-time conditions, can also improve overall energy utilization.Overall, these enhancements can transform the proposed system into a fully intelligent, automated, and scalable energy management solution suitable for modern smart energy applications.
Ribca et al. (Thu,) studied this question.