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With a good balance between power transfer distance and efficiency, wireless power transfer (WPT) using magnetic resonant coupling is preferred in many applications. Generally, WPT systems are desired to provide constant output voltage with the highest possible efficiency as power supplies. However, the highest efficiency is not achieved by the reported closed-loop WPT systems that maintain constant output voltage against coupling and load variations. In this paper, an efficiency evaluation method is put forward to evaluate the closed-loop control schemes. Furthermore, a maximum efficiency point tracking control scheme is proposed to maximize the system efficiency while regulating the output voltage. This control scheme is unique and prominent in that it fixes the operating frequency at the receiving-side resonant frequency and converts both the input voltage and the load resistance at the same time. Thus, the maximum efficiency point on the constant output voltage trajectory can be tracked dynamically. Therefore the system's output voltage can be maintained constant and its efficiency is always the highest. The experimental results show that the maximum efficiency point is tracked and a very high overall efficiency is achieved over wide ranges of coupling coefficient and load resistance.
Li et al. (Tue,) studied this question.
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