AbstractThis study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of India’s legislative and strategic approaches to digital privacy and copyright protection in relation to global frameworks such as digital privacy and copyright protection with the local best practices and the multi lateral or international regulations. The purpose of the research is to compare the laws of India with those of the EU, the US, and other best practices, and to determine the effectiveness, scope, and enforcement potential. A variety of legal instruments have been used in India for digital regulation, including the Information Technology Act of 2000, the Copyright Act of 1957, and the most recent Digital Personal Data Protection Act of 2023.This is beneficial in detecting the weaknesses and the challenges of the laws in question related to the possible new digital attacks and in this sense get a better understanding of the situation and accordingly make suggestions for the reforms that would enhance the country’s digital sovereignty and regulatory authority by addressing the challenges.The study uses a qualitative approach, incorporating descriptive, explanatory, and comparative analytical frameworks to examine all dimensions of digital privacy and copyright regulation. The researcher has relied on textual (literary) secondary sources, such as national and international statutes, peer-reviewed academic papers, governmental publications, policy briefs, and institutional reports. The basis of the study is the doctrinal legal methodology the author follows, which is a critical analysis of legal texts, legal acts, judicial interpretations, and regulatory policies. The study examines the benefits and drawbacks of the legal provisions on data privacy, online copyright infringement, and jurisdictional challenges in the new digital ecosystems. To some extent, India’s regulatory structure is at odds with those of other countries, which have tools at their disposal. Comparing the Indian status of this area of the law with one knowledge of the state of the art in the international law markets is a good integral part of the study—these tools not only can predict the future but also can react to technology by being technological themselves.Findings reveal that India’s current digital landscape suffers from structural inefficiencies, vague enforcement protocols, and limited institutional transparency. Although recent enactments, such as the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, seem promising, they lack robust institutional design and preventive regulatory elements found in other jurisdictions, such as the GDPR. Furthermore, India’s reactive policy gradually lessens the country’s capacity to really be in a position to provide the appropriate safeguarding globally of the fast-growing meta-verse against digital piracy and data exploitation where jurisdictional competencies weakened and the enforcement of the law becomes uncertain. The study insists on the need for international cooperation, the unification of the laws and the development of responsive regulations to combat global digital vulnerabilities. The study ends with the issue of the legislative progress focuses on proactive privacy protection, more vigorous copyright enforcement, and compliance with international digital governance norms that support trust in users and the competitiveness of the Indian economy and innovation.
Kumar et al. (2025) studied this question.