Abstract There have been marked advances in astronomy in the last 100 years towards gender equality and the empowerment of women researchers. However, progress has been slow, and disparities still persist around the world. Women represent only about 18% of astronomers worldwide (2019) and are not immune to inequalities such as gender-based discrimination and a lack of equal opportunities. Bullying and harassment are the obstacles that not only women but also men face in their professional careers. We need to pay due attention, too, to LGBTQ requirements. Here, we will share our experiences of problems that exist in Japan and elsewhere and the ways of overcoming them. This report was in part made in collaboration with the former IAU President, Norio Kaifu, R.I.P., and his advice to overcome these problems is involved.
Yuko Motizuki (Fri,) studied this question.