The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) employing biological resources has gained momentum in comparison with chemical synthesis, contributing significantly to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The important features of AgNP biosynthesis include renewability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, nontoxicity, lower cost, and dual functionality of biogenic resources and particle size and shape tunability and biomolecular capping–mediated superior stability of NP. The biosynthesized AgNPs are characterized and analyzed using a variety of analytical instrumentation techniques, such as UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Biosynthesized AgNPs demonstrate antifungal and fungicidal actions against diverse phytopathogenic fungal species causing an array of devastating diseases. Effective control and management of various diseases in crops, fruits, vegetables, flowers, ornamental plants, and trees depend upon different factors such as size, shape, protein or biomolecule capping, surface charge, stability at variable environmental conditions, and dosage of AgNPs. The narrative review compiles the peer‐reviewed literature from major scientific publishers on the biosynthesis of AgNPs using different biological resources, brief characterization, and detailed information on various bioassays employed toward in vitro and in vivo antifungal evaluation of AgNPs against plant pathogenic fungi and the mechanism of action. Further detailed studies are needed on formulation stability, field efficiency, commercial viability, environmental impact, and regulatory guidelines.
Aruna Jyothi Kora (Thu,) studied this question.