What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to understand the dynamic behaviors of AISI 316 L in high-speed directed energy deposition and how different responses affect process stability.

April 28, 2026Open Access

Identification of coexisting dynamic coupling regimes in high-speed directed energy deposition

Key Points

This research aims to understand the dynamic behaviors of AISI 316 L in high-speed directed energy deposition and how different responses affect process stability.
Investigated AISI 316 L processing on a commercial HS-DED system.
Utilized multispectral photometric measurements to separate plasma-related and thermal responses.
Introduced spectral lag as a time-domain metric to capture regime transitions.
Conventional grey-box models inadequately describe process response at critical operating points.
Spectral lag effectively differentiates between plasma and thermal response components.
The introduced metric reliably indicates transitions between operation regimes.

Abstract

High-speed directed energy deposition (HS-DED) fundamentally alters laser–material interaction dynamics due to coexisting fast plasma-related and delayed thermal responses, complicating process stability in transition regimes. This work investigates the dynamic behavior of AISI 316 L processed on a commercial HS-DED system. It is shown that conventional grey-box models based on spatially integrated photometric signals fail to describe the process response at critical operating points. Using multispectral photometric measurements, the emission signal is temporally separated into plasma-related and thermal components. Based on this, a time-domain metric termed spectral lag is introduced, providing an emissivity-independent indicator that reliably captures regime transitions.

Identification of coexisting dynamic coupling regimes in high-speed directed energy deposition

Key Points

Abstract

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