What question did this study set out to answer?

This research evaluates the carbon reduction potential of sharing low-carbon technologies internationally and its effects on climate governance.

April 29, 2026Open Access

国际低碳技术共享的碳减排与气候治理

Key Points

This research evaluates the carbon reduction potential of sharing low-carbon technologies internationally and its effects on climate governance.
Developed the Climate-Economic-Technology Integrated Assessment model (CIECIA-GT) to assess carbon reduction potential from 2025 to 2100.
Evaluated the climate governance effects of low-carbon technology sharing policies under carbon neutrality constraints.
By 2100, global surface temperature rise can be controlled to 2.62 °C with complete sharing of low-carbon technologies.
Developed economies significantly benefited from technology transfer, while developing economies showed limited technological advancement due to lower R&D capabilities.
Implementing low-carbon technology sharing policies can reduce reliance on carbon cap measures and control carbon neutrality costs.

Abstract

【目的】国际低碳技术共享是实现全球碳中和的重要途径。综合评价国际低碳技术共享的碳减排潜力，及其在降低碳中和成本、减缓气候变化、促进技术进步等方面的效果，对未来全球气候合作具有重要的理论和政策意义。【方法】构建气候-经济-技术集成评估模型ciecia-Gt，对2025—2100年国际低碳技术共享政策的碳减排潜力及其在碳中和目标约束下的气候治理效果进行了综合评价。【结果】 ①全球2100年地表温升幅度随低碳技术共享程度的提高明显下降，在低碳技术完全共享的情况下可控制在2.62 °c。②在技术完全共享情景下，发达经济体凭借较高的技术学习能力充分获得低碳技术转移，低碳技术水平显著提升；发展中经济体受制于自身的技术研发学习能力，技术水平提升反而有限。③实施国际低碳技术共享政策，可以帮助各国在碳中和约束下减少对碳限额措施的依赖，累积效用显著上升，碳中和成本得到控制。④发达经济体对发展中经济体提供额外技术支持，可有效加速发展中经济体的技术模仿，进一步降低碳中和成本，但边际效果有限。【结论】国际低碳技术共享具有显著的技术提升和碳减排潜力，但无法直接实现气候变化减缓目标；减少专利保护年限可以促进发达经济体参与国际低碳技术转移，对减缓气候变化的效果好于降低专利宽度；国际低碳技术共享可大幅降低碳中和成本，而发达经济体为发展中经济体提供额外技术支持，可以进一步提升全球碳中和路径的可行性和公平性，具有显著的气候治理意义；将低碳技术共享与其他高经济成本减排措施组合是一种合理的国际碳减排合作方案设计思路。

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