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, which is even higher than its fluorescence radiation rate. Furthermore, the spin-flip upconversion process in CzBSe can be accelerated by factors of ≈20000 and ≈800, compared to those of its oxygen- and sulfur-doped homologs (CzBO and CzBS), respectively. Unlike CzBO and CzBS, the photophysical rate-limiting step in CzBSe is no longer RISC, but the fluorescence radiation process; this behavior is completely different from the conventional time-delaying TADF limited by the slow RISC. Benefitting from its ultrafast exciton spin conversion ability, OLEDs incorporating CzBSe achieved a maximum external electroluminescence quantum efficiency as high as 23.9 %, accompanied by MR-induced blue narrowband emission and significantly alleviated efficiency roll-off features.
Park et al. (Fri,) studied this question.