The GOLD 2025 guideline was developed as an essential reference for managing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) based on current scientific evidence. It comprehensively addressed COPD pathogenesis, diagnosis, personalized treatment strategies, novel bronchodilator therapies, vaccination programs, and pulmonary rehabilitation. The role of environmental factors, including cigarette smoke, biomass smoke, and air pollution, as well as genetic predisposition, was emphasized in COPD development. Diagnostic tools such as spirometry, biomarkers, and imaging techniques were highlighted, along with the importance of individualized and multidisciplinary treatment approaches. New bronchodilators, vaccination strategies, and pulmonary rehabilitation programs were designed to improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare burden. GOLD 2025 set higher standards in COPD care, offering guidance to clinicians, healthcare policymakers, and researchers.
Mehmet Hakan Bilgin (Wed,) studied this question.