Aim: The internship period is a critical period during which medical candidates experience increased clinical responsibilities and intense professional anxiety and fear of making mistakes. The increased professional responsibilities and concerns about the consequences of decisions made during internships can profoundly impact not only interns' immediate performance but also their long-term professional orientation. Factors such as increased malpractice lawsuits, increased professional responsibilities, and violence in healthcare can negatively impact interns' professional expectations and trigger professional anxiety. Although the number of studies examining professional anxiety and psychological states in medical students has increased in recent years, the current literature is quite limited in assessing the fear of malpractice and professional anxiety levels of interns. This study aimed to assess the levels of fear of malpractice and professional anxiety in interns and to demonstrate the relationship between them.Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 198 (84.6%) intern physicians studying at Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine between July and August 2025. Data were collected using a questionnaire form that included sociodemographic characteristics, professional variables that may be associated with malpractice (presence of a physician in the family, personal rights in undergraduate courses, and malpractice training), the Malpractice Fear Scale, and the Professional Anxiety Questionnaire. Chi-square and Spearman correlation tests were used for statistical analyses, with a p≤0.05 level of significance.Results: A high level of fear of malpractice was found in 44.4% of participants. No significant relationship was found between sociodemographic variables and fear of malpractice. However, fear of malpractice was significantly higher among interns who experienced anxiety during patient examinations (p
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