This article proposes a mathematical model for quantitatively assessing the cyber resilience of modern blockchain platforms. Constructing the mathematical model, the authors proposed representing the architecture of a blockchain-based information system as four layers: the cryptographic algorithm layer, the blockchain core layer, the smart contract layer, and the decentralized application layer. A study of typical vulnerabilities was conducted for each layer, and a list of countermeasures to counter potential threats was proposed. Then, key elements and their impact on the system’s cyber resilience were identified. As a result, a mathematical model for assessing the cyber resilience of blockchain platforms was developed. Based on the analysis of the model, it was experimentally demonstrated that a cyber attack carried out at a lower layer affects all higher layers of the blockchain platform, and cyber resilience at the current layer can only be effectively ensured if it is ensured at the previous layer.
Ishchukova et al. (Mon,) studied this question.