The increasing demand for sustainable and efficient construction practices has accelerated the adoption of advanced digital technologies across the sector. This paper presents a conceptual framework based on a systematic theoretical review of the combined potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Virtual Reality (VR), and Augmented Reality (AR) to transform construction workflows and support the transition to circular, resource-efficient building practices. VR enhances design comprehension and stakeholder communication through immersive visualization, while AR enables real-time onsite guidance and augmented inspections, improving accuracy and reducing execution errors. Complementing these capabilities, AI introduces predictive analytics, automated defect detection, and data-driven optimisation of materials, labour, and lifecycle performance. By integrating these technologies into a unified digital ecosystem, construction projects can significantly reduce waste, improve quality, and strengthen decision-making throughout the project lifecycle. The proposed conceptual framework illustrates how immersive environments and intelligent analysis can operate in synergy to support sustainability objectives, including lifecycle extension, improved resource efficiency, and alignment with circular economy principles. No empirical component is included; empirical validation of the framework in real construction projects is identified as a primary direction for future research. This study contributes to the ongoing digital transformation of the construction industry by articulating a holistic, lifecycle-spanning perspective on integrating VR, AR, and AI, providing a replicable foundation for future research and practical implementation.
Cervantes-Puma et al. (Thu,) studied this question.