This report examines the dynamics of populism and Euroscepticism in Luxembourg, focusing on the Alternative Democratic Reform Party (ADR) as the country’s principal right-wing populist actor. Luxembourg exhibits a stable pro-European consensus shaped by its small size, economic reliance on EU integration, and absence of organized anti-EU interest groups. Public attitudes reflect this elite-driven pro-EU stance, with high levels of attachment and optimism toward the EU. The ADR, originally a single-issue pension reform party, has evolved into a soft right-wing populist force, emphasizing national sovereignty, cultural preservation, and pragmatic critiques of EU policies rather than advocating withdrawal. Its discourse combines vertical exclusion (people vs. elites) and horizontal exclusion (people vs. migrants), while adapting to Luxembourg’s socio-economic context, particularly its highly integrated labor market and multicultural population. Mainstream parties respond adversarially to ADR initiatives when perceived as crossing political or ethical boundaries, yet occasional rhetorical adjustments suggest subtle accommodation of public concerns. Luxembourg thus illustrates a model of ‘chameleonic populism,’ where populist and Eurosceptic ideas are moderated and contextually tailored, highlighting the influence of structural and socio-political conditions on the expression of exclusionary politics in small, integrated states.
Lisa Verhasselt (Tue,) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: