Abstract The results of the experiments confirms that the torque-force graphs are made of passive and active sections. If we could determine a generalizable relation between the two sections, which would enable the programming of screwdriving machines in mass production in such a way that, based on the measured torque and considering passive resistances, a defined torque or angle could be applied to reduce the scatter of preload forces.
Zsolt Bider (Wed,) studied this question.