U.S. Navy ships have not engaged in heavy combat operations since World War II. Although naval warfare and navy ships have advanced technologically since that time, the fundamental violence of combat and resultant human factors of war have not. This article discusses how the Navy is not fully prepared for the expected large number of combat stress casualties likely to occur in any maritime large-scale combat operations (LSCO) such as the threat by China to invade Taiwan by 2027. U.S. Naval Surface Forces began assigning mental health providers to support Navy surface combatant ships in 2019. These mental health professionals provide psychological support to shipboard Sailors but do not deploy with these ships. Rather, Navy surface combatant ships are supported by a single Independent Duty Corpsman (IDC) paraprofessional with limited training in mental health. Therefore, in any LSCO scenario, the acute psychological needs of these shipboard Sailors will be provided by these medical assets. The article discusses how U.S. Naval Surface Forces is preparing shipboard Sailors for combat stress reactions as well as training organic shipboard resources (i.e. IDCs, chaplains) in applying psychological first aid and legacy combat psychiatry principles (i.e. PIES - Proximity to the frontline, Immediacy of treatment, Expectancy of recovery, Simple interventions). The article concludes with a discussion of future directions for closing the current gaps in training needed to enhance psychological support to Naval Surface Forces ships/Sailors in preparation for future LSCO scenarios.
Lippy et al. (Wed,) studied this question.